BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury is a serious global health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where medical care often lacks resources and expertise.

BACKGROUND: In some healthcare systems, it is common that patients address laboratory test centers directly without a physician's recommendation. This practice is widely spread in Russia with about 28% of patients who visiting laboratory test centers for diagnostics.

BACKGROUND: Brain in Hand is a smartphone application (app) that allows users to create structured diaries with problems and solutions, attach reminders, record task completion and has a symptom monitoring system.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was the development and evaluation of an algorithm-based diagnosis-tool, applicable on mobile phones, to support guardians in providing appropriate care to sick children.

BACKGROUND: Mobile health (mHealth) has continuously been used as a method in behavioral research to improve self-management in patients with chronic diseases. However, the evidence of its effectiveness in chronic disease management in the adult population is still lacking.

BACKGROUND: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide critical problem, especially in developing countries. CKD patients usually begin their treatment in advanced stages, which requires dialysis and kidney transplantation, and consequently, affects mortality rates.

BACKGROUND: Norway has a long history of using telemedicine, especially for geographical reasons.

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine is changing traditional nursing care, and entails nurses performing advanced and complex care within a new clinical environment, and monitoring patients at a distance.

BACKGROUND: Mobile phone-based technology has been used in improving the delivery of healthcare services in many countries. However, data on the effects of this technology on improving primary healthcare services in resource-poor settings are limited.

BACKGROUND: mHealth holds the potential to educate rural communities in developing countries such as Malawi, on issues which over-burdened and under staffed health centres do not have the facilities to address.